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You own two pots
of money: The money that has already been taxed (lets call it
“regular money”) and the money that has not been
taxed (let’s call this “retirement money” such as IRA, 401(k).
403(b). etc.). When you spend a dollar of regular money, the
cost to you is exactly $1. When you spend $1 of retirement money,
cost to you could be as much as $1.541(1/.65) because
you may have to pay off federal income tax on the amount you
withdraw. Therefore, if you want to reduce your taxes, consider
not taking more than the required distribution from your
retirement money.
Some people think
they should never spend their principal, but this can he a
mistake if you want to save taxes. It could be better to spend
some of your regular assets first, so that you can take
advantage of the tax-deferral benefits associated with IRAs and
qualified retirement plans. You could be better off financially
from an income tax standpoint. Your lifetime tax bill can be
less or you will at least defer taxes for many years.
Consider the
following hypothetical example that assumes you have a taxable
regular money account and a tax-deferred retirement
account with a $100,000 balance each. Let’s assume the money in
each account earns a return of 6% per year. Let’s further
assume that annual distributions of $6,000 per year are being
taken for a 20-year period. Under one scenario, the $6,000 will
be taken first from the taxable money and the other scenario
considers what would happen if the money was taken first from
the qualified money. Under this example, you would have $150,000
more at the end of 20 years by spending your regular money
first. The upside is that you could potentially hold onto more
money while you are alive.
Of course, the
down side is that your beneficiaries will eventually have to pay
income taxes on the money when you are gone. As the information
provided by this example is hypothetical, actual results will
vary depending upon the performance of your investments.2
1 Federal income tax rates range
between 10% to 35% under the 2009 federal tax code, and are
based upon the tax payers level of annual income. State
income taxes could also apply, which vary from
state to stale. Please note that federal and state lax
laws arc subject to frequent changes.
2
The fact that
the beneficiaries are going to pay income taxes at a later date
could
be
an advantage if they
are in a lower tax bracket. As
previously explained, estate taxes could also
apply if
the decedent’s estate exceeds $3.5 million in 2009, $1 million
in 2011 and thereafter.
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